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Basic classification ofinduction furnace
According to the power frequency, the induction furnace can be divided into three types: high frequency furnace, medium frequency furnace and power frequency furnace; according to the purpose of the process, it can be divided into melting furnace, heating furnace, heat treatment equipment and welding equipment; etc. according to its structure and transmission mode. sort. Commonly used induction furnaces are customarily classified into heart induction melting furnaces, centerless induction melting furnaces, vacuum induction melting furnaces, induction hardening equipment and induction head heating equipment. The smelting furnace is named after the heart-shaped furnace, and its molten metal is held in a raft, so it is also known as the kiln. This type of furnace is mainly used for the melting and insulation of special steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals and their alloys. The centerless furnace has many advantages such as high melting temperature, less impurity pollution, uniform alloy composition, and good working conditions. Compared with the heart-shaped furnace, it is easier to start the furnace and change the metal type, and the use is more flexible, but its electrical and thermal efficiency is much lower than that of the heart-shaped furnace. Unintentional furnaces are not conducive to the smelting of high temperature slagging processes due to the low surface temperature.
The melting furnace has high frequency, intermediate frequency and power frequency.
(1) High frequency melting furnace
The high-frequency furnace capacity is generally less than 50 kg, which is suitable for use in laboratory and small-scale production for melting special steels and special alloys.
(2) Medium frequency melting furnace
The capacity and power of the intermediate frequency melting furnace are larger than those of the high frequency furnace. Mainly used for the melting of special steels, magnetic alloys and copper alloys. This type of furnace has been replaced with a power frequency centerless furnace in some large capacity situations due to the need for expensive frequency conversion equipment. However, compared with the power frequency furnace, the intermediate frequency furnace also has its own unique features. For the same capacity of the furnace, the input power of the intermediate frequency furnace is larger than that of the power frequency furnace, so the melting speed is relatively fast. The intermediate frequency furnace does not need to start the furnace block when the furnace is fused, and the molten metal can be poured out, etc. The power frequency furnace is flexible and convenient; in addition, the medium frequency smelting furnace solution is lighter for smashing, which is beneficial to the furnace lining. Therefore, after the development of high-power and low-cost intermediate frequency power supplies, the intermediate frequency furnace is still promising.
(3) Power frequency melting furnace
The power frequency melting furnace is the latest and fastest developed in several melting furnaces. It is mainly used for the melting of cast iron and steel, especially high-strength cast iron and alloy cast iron, as well as the heating, heat preservation and composition adjustment of cast iron solution. It is also used for the melting of non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum and their alloys. The small capacity of the furnace is uneconomical by using the power frequency. Taking cast iron as an example, the electrical efficiency is significantly reduced when the capacity is less than 750 kg. Vacuum induction melting furnaces are used to smelt heat resistant alloys, magnetic alloys, electrical alloys and high strength steels. The furnace type is characterized in that the control of the furnace temperature, the degree of vacuum and the smelting time during the smelting process is relatively easy, so that the degassing of the charge can be sufficient. In addition, the amount of the alloy material added can be precisely controlled, so it is a suitable furnace for melting a heat-resistant alloy containing a living element such as aluminum or titanium and a precision alloy.
The above induction melting furnace has the general advantages of electrometallurgy, such as easy to cause necessary atmosphere, easy to adjust temperature specifications, reduce metal burning loss, ensure casting quality, improve productivity and reduce labor intensity of workers, but also due to the production of molten metal. Electromagnetic stirring ensures uniform alloy composition. Induction heating equipment is mainly used for heating metal materials before forging, stamping, extrusion, rolling, etc., which allows the temperature of the process to be reached inside and outside the workpiece. This kind of equipment is mainly composed of power supply (usually adopting intermediate frequency or power frequency), heating control equipment, induction heating furnace and upper and lower feeding mechanism. Induction heating has many advantages over other heating methods. First, since heat is generated inside the material to be heated, the heating speed can be raised very high, and under the same heating time, the radial temperature difference is relatively small, so that the heated workpiece is not significantly deformed. Secondly, because the heating rate is fast, even if it is heated in the atmosphere, the surface of the material is very little oxidized and decarburized (for example, the forging heating of the billet is taken as an example. With the induction heating method, the oxidation loss of the steel can be controlled below 0.05 to 0.5%. In the case of heating in a furnace, the oxidation loss generally reaches 2.5 to 3.0%, so the induction heating furnace generally does not require gas protection. The main body of the induction heating furnace has only one inductor. This furnace does not need a complicated piping system like a burning furnace, and does not require a thick furnace wall like a burning furnace or a resistance furnace, so it can be organized very compactly. In the production line, it is even combined in other processing machines. In addition, during the working process, the electric furnace does not produce oil or harmful gas such as a furnace or a protective gas resistance furnace, and there is no such large radiant heat around the furnace, so the working conditions are much better than other furnaces.
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